EXPLORING BIOLOGY
Procreation: Life Starts Anew
PHOTO BOOTH! (late upload sorry)
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS
We all came from one single cell. Isn't that incredible? The human body is a very interesting topic to discuss about and so as the creation of human beings. All of us came from two sex cells, sperm cell and egg cell, that are called haploids. Our sex organs develop to produce sex cells through adolescence, where we develop from a child to an adult. They contain structures known as chromosomes, a threadlike structure carrying
genetic information in the form of genes. Sex cells contains 23 chromosomes. So when they unite it turns into a fertilized egg or a zygote, a diploid that contains 46 chromosomes. But before that, we need to know where do these sex cells come from, how does it happen, and how they produce. Let us learn the different topics about the biology of sex on our further lessons to discuss.
Albornoz
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The sex organ of the male reproductive system is the testes. Although most people think that it is actually the penis, it is actually the testes that does the work. The testes is where the sperm is produced but sperm cells are only produced once the male hits his adolescence.
The Human Sperm Cell
The sperm cell consists of 3 parts. One of these parts is called the head. The head stores the enzymes needed to penetrate an egg cell during fertilization. Another part is the midpiece. It contains the mitochondria that supplies energy needed to propel the sperm through the female reproductive system. And the last part of the sperm cell is the tail. The tail is a powerful flagellum that flips back and forth for it to move.
Delivery of Sperm
The sperm cell exits the penis through ejaculation, the forceful expulsion of the sperm out of the male's body. The sperm goes to the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse for fertilization. A zygote will be produced if the sperm cell successfully penetrates into the egg cell. There are about 3.5 million sperm cells that are released during ejaculation.
Sanchez
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The female reproductive system is composed of two ovaries and the uterus. Ovaries are responsible for producing eggs (eggs cells are stored in this) and produce hormones called Estrogen. This provides the secondary female characteristics like the development of breasts, hips, height, pubic hair, and most importantly, egg development. Reproduction of the egg cell starts around ages 11 to 14
years old during the first discharge of blood called menarche. Then after each month a normal adult female releases a mature egg cell in one of their ovaries.
Egg Reproduction
Females are born with two million egg cells. By the time they reach puberty, the number of egg cells will go down to 400,000. Only 300 to 500 will mature and are called ova, singular for ovum. An ovum if released about 28 days. If the ovum is not fertilized at this stage, it dies within 24 to 48 hours.
During sexual intercourse, sperm cells go in the female reproductive system so fertilization could occur. If fertilization occurs, the ovum will turn into a zygote and travels down and implants itself in the uterus. The baby passes through the cervix and leaves the mothers body through the vagina, during a normal childbirth.
Romero
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
All females who have reached puberty will undergo monthly physiological cycles known as the ovarian and menstrual cycles.
Ovarian Cycle
Ovarian Cycle is a series of events where in the ovaries prepare the female body for a possible pregnancy each month. It spans about 28 days but varies from female to female. Ovulation is the monthly release of an ovum from the ovary. Progesterone is a sex hormone and signals the body to prepare for fertilization.
Ovarian Cycle is a series of events where in the ovaries prepare the female body for a possible pregnancy each month. It spans about 28 days but varies from female to female. Ovulation is the monthly release of an ovum from the ovary. Progesterone is a sex hormone and signals the body to prepare for fertilization.
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual cycle occurs in the uterus to prepare it for a possible pregnancy. It lasts an average of 28 days. Menstruation occurs about 14 days after ovulation and it is the mixture of blood and discarded tissues that leaves the body through the vagina. A female stops menstruating at the age of 45 to 55 and it is called Menopause, when a woman no longer ovulates and unable to bear a child.
When Pregnancy Does Not Occur
Levels of progesterone decrease causing the lining of the uterus to be shed and marks the end of the menstrual cycle. At the end of the ovarian and menstrual cycle, neither estrogen now progesterone is being produced. This signals the pituitary gland to produce follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH and luteinizing hormone or LH to start the cycles again.
Alejaga
A human being develops from a fertilized egg or a zygote.It is when the sperm travels through the uterus going to the fallopian tubes. There are about 36 hours where the sperm reaches the fallopian tube during fertilization. And when it reaches, the egg is ready for fertilization. Cell division takes place as the zygote travels down the uterus. The zygote becomes a small ball of blastocyst that attaches itself to the uterine wall in the process of implantation. And now the zygote is called an embryo.
Embryonic Development
It takes about nine months for an embryo to become a fetus. This nine-month period is call pregnancy. During the first two months of pregnancy the developing child is called an embryo.
The villi, which constitute the placenta, along with other blood vessels and capillaries, is produces in the uterine wall. An umbilical word forms and connects the placenta to the embryo. During the third week of pregnancy a thin membrane called the amniotic sac begins to form around the embryo. It is filled with a clear liquid called amniotic fluid, which helps cushion and protects the embryo.
Fetal Development
During the third month of pregnancy, the embryo begins to look more human and is now become a fetus. The fetus begins to have a fetal heart beat, develop fingers, toes, arms, and legs, and can begin to suck his thumb. By the fourth month the sex of the fetus can be determined by ultrasound. By the end of the seventh month of pregnancy, a layer of fat develops and bones harden.
Birth
By the ninth month, the fetus has usually rotated to a head-down position. The birth process begins with labor, the muscular contraction of the uterus. As the contraction becomes stronger, the amniotic sac usually and releases its fluid. The contraction causes the uterus to widen for the baby to pass through the vagina taking his or her first gasp of air.
STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BEFORE BIRTH
Fertilization of the Ovum
Fertilization of the Ovum
A human being develops from a fertilized egg or a zygote.It is when the sperm travels through the uterus going to the fallopian tubes. There are about 36 hours where the sperm reaches the fallopian tube during fertilization. And when it reaches, the egg is ready for fertilization. Cell division takes place as the zygote travels down the uterus. The zygote becomes a small ball of blastocyst that attaches itself to the uterine wall in the process of implantation. And now the zygote is called an embryo.Embryonic Development
It takes about nine months for an embryo to become a fetus. This nine-month period is call pregnancy. During the first two months of pregnancy the developing child is called an embryo.
The villi, which constitute the placenta, along with other blood vessels and capillaries, is produces in the uterine wall. An umbilical word forms and connects the placenta to the embryo. During the third week of pregnancy a thin membrane called the amniotic sac begins to form around the embryo. It is filled with a clear liquid called amniotic fluid, which helps cushion and protects the embryo.
Fetal Development
During the third month of pregnancy, the embryo begins to look more human and is now become a fetus. The fetus begins to have a fetal heart beat, develop fingers, toes, arms, and legs, and can begin to suck his thumb. By the fourth month the sex of the fetus can be determined by ultrasound. By the end of the seventh month of pregnancy, a layer of fat develops and bones harden.
Birth
By the ninth month, the fetus has usually rotated to a head-down position. The birth process begins with labor, the muscular contraction of the uterus. As the contraction becomes stronger, the amniotic sac usually and releases its fluid. The contraction causes the uterus to widen for the baby to pass through the vagina taking his or her first gasp of air.
Albornoz
PREVENTION, DETECTION, & TREATMENT
OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Sexual Transmitted Diseases or STDs are very frightening and dangerous to us. No one wants that. Hearing the characteristics of it makes us sick especially looking at the disease itself (this is why i didnt put any pictures). When getting this disease, you wouldnt be sure if you have it or not. And when you have it theres a very big chance that you cant cure it! So remember, be careful on your descisions in life so you wont face these horrible events in your life.
OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Sexual Transmitted Diseases or STDs are very frightening and dangerous to us. No one wants that. Hearing the characteristics of it makes us sick especially looking at the disease itself (this is why i didnt put any pictures). When getting this disease, you wouldnt be sure if you have it or not. And when you have it theres a very big chance that you cant cure it! So remember, be careful on your descisions in life so you wont face these horrible events in your life.
Syphilis
Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum. It can be cured in its early stages. The incubation period of a few weeks to several months. There is going to have a painless sore of chancre that develops at the site infection either on the genitals, rectum, or mouth. The second stage occurs after several weeks when you start having fever and a skin rash. After that it disappears and comes back again within a year. If it will left untreated it will produce neural lesions that can cause extensive damage to the nervous tissue, leading to paralysis, insanity and death. To treat the first stages of syphilis there are antibiotics such as penicillin.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It invades the epithelial lining of the vagina and the male urethra results in a discharge called pus. It affects different parts of your body such as the rectum, eyes, joints and throat would take a week to notice the symptoms. Men will experience a burning sensation during urination, swelling on a testicle, and a pus discharge in the urethral opening. Women will experience a painful urination, more vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding in between periods, and abdominal and pelvic pain. If left untreated it will ;lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.The treat to this is antibiotics.
Genital Herpes
Genital Herpes is caused by an infection with herpes simplex virus-2 or HSV-2. Painful, itching lesions and blister like eruptions will occur in the genital area. Sores about two weaks and heals but may recur. Genital Herpes is incurable.
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS is caused by a virus called human immunodeficiency virus of HIV which attacks the system of the body. It was first reported in 1981. It has no cure. It is transmitted through contact body fluids containing the virus like sexual intercourse, contaminated needles, receiving contaminated blood via transfusion, or birth by an infected mother. AIDS takes 5-10 years for it to be a fully developed disease.
Albornoz
